Second of the series Carry forward the peaceful reunification of the nation (推进祖国和平统一), published in 1998.

The One Country, Two Systems concept was developed by Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s during the negotiations over Hong Kong with the United Kingdom. It provided that there would be only one China, but that regions (Hong Kong, Macau) could retain their own economic and administrative systems, while the rest of mainland China uses socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the principle, each region could continue to have its own governmental system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including trade relations with foreign countries, all of which are independent from those of the mainland. The PRC has also proposed to apply the principle in the unification it aims for with Taiwan.